The north end of the camp was expanded in haste by Confederates, as shown by unhewn logs with daylight between them, unlike the carefully planned design of the stockade's initial 16 acres, which had been intended for only 6,000 prisoners. The outer row of white posts marked the perimeter of the stockade, and inner posts marked the deadline, with the area between forming a no man's land where guards in sentry boxes had orders to shoot prisoners who crossed it. On July 1, 1864, thousands of prisoners who had been cramped for sufficient room surged into the new position in what James M. Page of the 6th Michigan Cavalry called a perfect stampede. Archeologists later excavated stumps that revealed the size and spacing of the stockade logs and mapped the location of each stockade post from soil color changes caused by rotting wood, while a photograph shows the inner and middle stockade in 1867.