Jug Rock, just outside Shoals, Indiana, is a sandstone formation in the East Fork White River valley and is regarded as the largest free-standing table or mushroom rock east of the Mississippi River. Part of the Mansfield Formation, it was formed from Pennsylvanian-age sediments laid down roughly 325 to 286 million years ago. Erosion along fracture lines gradually separated it from a nearby cliff, leaving it isolated from the surrounding ridge. In 1871, state geologist E. T. Cox highlighted the area’s dramatic erosion features, describing Jug Rock’s 42-foot height, capstone, false bedding, and quartz pebbles. It remains both a geological landmark and a local symbol.