Samuel L. Clemens, later known as Mark Twain, walked the streets of Keokuk in 1855 and 1856 while working for his brother Orion, who owned the Ben Franklin Book and Job Office on the third story of the Ogden City Book Store at 52 Main Street. Sam, Orion, and Henry Clemens put together the first Keokuk Directory, which was made available to Keokuk residents on July 12, 1856, for one dollar, and young Sam listed himself as an "Antiquarian." Keokuk remained an important part of Clemens' life, and he returned to "that city on the river" many times. When he left in the fall of 1856, he had arranged with the Keokuk Post to receive his first pay as a professional writer for articles about his travels under the pen name "Thomas Jefferson Snodgrass." Later he changed that pen name to "Mark Twain," and his journey as an author took him from Keokuk to an honored place in American literature.