At Mulberry Row, Jefferson sought to create an efficient plantation based on new approaches to agriculture and manufacturing, and dozens of enslaved and free workers lived and worked there to carry out those goals. He added a series of dwellings and workshops to the outbuildings that served his elite household, and structures were built, dismantled, or repurposed as his needs changed. In the first phase, from 1769 to 1790, the earliest structures supported the construction of Monticello I from 1769 to 1783; in the joiner's shop, carpenters and house joiners made almost all of the woodwork for the main house, enslaved families occupied the Negro quarter and two other large log dwellings, hired artisans lived in the workmen's house, and Jefferson lived in the South Pavilion until about 1774. In the second phase, from 1791 to 1809, Jefferson rebuilt his house as Monticello II from 1796 to 1809, doubling its size, shifted plantation production from tobacco to wheat, and established a nail factory; on Mulberry Row he constructed new houses for slaves, a smokehouse, dairy, and wash house to serve his family and guests, and a nailery and smith's shop for profit. In the third phase, from 1810 to 1831, after his retirement from the presidency and the completion of Monticello II in 1809, the dairy, smokehouse, and wash house moved to the completed South Terrace wing while other buildings were added, torn down, or repurposed, and free and enslaved workers produced goods in Jefferson's workshops when trade embargoes during the War of 1812 restricted imports.