HISTORY · HISTORICAL MARKER
Tallahassee Bus Boycott
Tallahassee, United States
· Tallahassee - Leon County Civil Rights Heritage Walk
History
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On May 28, 1956, Wilhelmina Jakes and Carrie Patterson, two Florida A&M University students, refused to move to the back of a crowded bus and were taken to jail on charges of placing themselves in a position to incite a riot. The next night they found a cross burning outside their home, and outraged students quickly decided to boycott Tallahassee’s buses for the rest of the semester, fully aware of the ongoing boycott in Montgomery. Members of Tallahassee’s African American community soon joined them, and through the newly formed Inter-Civic Council, led by Reverend C.K Steele, the protest became a city-wide boycott that demanded open seating, courteous treatment for all passengers, and the hiring of black bus drivers. To sustain the effort, the Inter-Civic Council organized carpools as the city tried to suppress them through legal and extralegal means. Despite intimidation, including a Ku Klux Klan march down Tennessee Street past Steele’s parsonage, thousands of African Americans continued refusing to ride the buses. On November 13, 1956, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that Alabama’s laws requiring segregation on buses were unconstitutional, and a month later, on December 23, the Inter-Civic Council voted to end the boycott. Although Tallahassee’s city commissioners continued to resist desegregation, bus drivers quietly ignored everyday challenges to the city’s ordinances, and the boycott showed that Montgomery’s events were not an aberration and confirmed the value of nonviolent action against injustice and inequality.
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