World War II lasted from 7 December 1941 to 31 December 1946 under U.S. Presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman. For Americans, the war began with the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, after which President Roosevelt declared war on Japan, Germany and Italy. Soldiers from the United States fought in North Africa, Europe, and throughout the Pacific, and U.S. troops carried out major actions including D-Day, the Battle of Midway, and Iwo Jima. After Roosevelt's death, President Truman oversaw the unconditional surrender of German forces on 7 May 1945. After America used the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan surrendered on 14 August 1945, allowing American servicemen to return home.