Devils Lake's closed-basin nature brings major lake level fluctuations, and the dramatic rise from 1993 to 2011 flooded tens of thousands of acres of agricultural land, forced the relocation of hundreds of homes and structures, required numerous roadways to be raised, and led to the protection or relocation of countless infrastructure. As the lake continued to rise, infrastructure protection was carried out in multiple phases over several years, including construction of an embankment protecting the City of Devils Lake and the surrounding area. That embankment is now over 12 miles long and cost nearly $250 million, while total flood mitigation costs during this period are estimated at more than $1.3 billion. To remove floodwater from Devils Lake, North Dakota constructed two outlets, one on the west end with a pumping capacity of 250 cubic feet per second and one on the east end with a pumping capacity of 350 cubic feet per second, for a combined capacity of 600 cubic feet per second. In 2012, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers also completed a floodwater control structure to protect downstream areas from an uncontrolled release of Devils Lake floodwater if the lake ever reaches its natural spill elevation.