Just thirty years after declaring independence from the British, the young nation faced the growing pains of westward expansion. With the encouragement of Treasury Secretary Albert Gallatin, President Thomas Jefferson signed the first bill allowing the federal government to completely fund construction of a road from Cumberland, Maryland to the Ohio River. Later expanded into Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois, the road, also called the Cumberland Road or the National Pike, gave thousands of settlers a route to seek their fortune on the western frontier. In Illinois, its impact was especially great, with the state's population rising from 157,445 in 1830 to 476,183 in 1840. Legislation creating the National Road was signed in 1806, construction began at Cumberland in 1811, surveying in Illinois began in 1828, construction in Illinois began in 1830, and federal funding was discontinued in 1838.