Mount Oread, the hill that rises above Lawrence between the Kansas and Wakarusa rivers, has long shaped the city’s identity. Known earlier as Hogback Ridge, it took its present name in 1864 from the Oread Institute in Worcester, Massachusetts, home to many early settlers. It served westbound Oregon Trail travelers as a landmark after Blue Jacket’s Crossing and figured in Bleeding Kansas, when James Lane and Governor Charles Robinson built a fort there and Robinson’s first home on the hill was burned by pro-slavery border ruffians in 1855. It later became the staging area for William Quantrill’s 1863 raid and is also significant for its limestone and early university buildings.