San Gabriel de Yungue-Ouinge, established in 1598 at the meeting of the Rio Chama and Rio Grande, served as the first Spanish capital of Santa Fe de Nuevo México until 1610. It emerged within the adjoining Pueblo world of Ohkay and Yunque, whose residents allowed the Spanish to occupy Yunque after Juan de Oñate first camped outside Ohkay. A church and acequia were built that year, but Pedro de Peralta later moved the government to Santa Fe, and the settlement was eventually deserted. Long debated by historians, the site was confirmed through twentieth-century excavations and is significant both as New Mexico’s earliest Spanish capital and as part of Ohkay Owingeh’s ancestral landscape.