Buffalo Mountain Natural Area Preserve in Floyd County, Virginia, protects 1,146 acres on the summit and slopes of Buffalo Mountain, a 3,960-foot peak in southwestern Virginia. Open to the public, it includes a small parking area and a trail of about one mile to the summit. Its importance lies in an exceptional concentration of rare species and habitats. The treeless summit supports uncommon plants such as three-toothed cinquefoil and Rocky Mountain woodsia, while seeps at the base shelter bog bluegrass and large-leaved grass-of-Parnassus. The preserve contains thirteen rare plant occurrences, three rare animal occurrences, and six significant natural communities, and it is the world’s only known habitat for the mealybug Puto kosztarabi.