The Tule Lake Segregation Center was constructed in 1942 as one of ten War Relocation Centers and initially held 15,276 of the approximately 110,000 men, women, and children of Japanese ancestry who were forcibly removed from their homes by Presidential Executive Order 9066. In 1943, following a deeply flawed loyalty questionnaire used to separate supposedly "loyal" from "disloyal" Japanese Americans, it was transformed into a segregation center, and under segregation its population expanded to 18,789. Overcrowding, harsh living conditions, and mismanagement contributed to strife and controversy that led to construction of a stockade with a jail and the implementation of martial law. The Tule Lake Unit also preserves part of the history of the United States from the 1930s through the end of World War II through the stories connected to Camp Tulelake, including Civilian Conservation Corps enrollees, Japanese Americans, and prisoners of war. Camp Tulelake was constructed as a Civilian Conservation Corps camp in 1935 and until 1942 housed young men from around the nation employed to rehabilitate and expand the use of public lands. During World War II, the camp was used by the War Relocation Authority, first in February 1943 to imprison men from the Tule Lake Relocation Center who refused to answer the loyalty questionnaire, and again in October to house 243 Japanese Americans from other War Relocation Centers who were brought in as strikebreakers to harvest crops at the Tule Lake Center. In 1944, after local farmers petitioned the U.S. government for additional farm labor, 150 Italian prisoners of war converted the camp into a POW camp, and soon 800 German POWs arrived and worked in the Tule Basin, helping local farmers tend and harvest their fields.