German immigrants along the lower Missouri River and later Italians in the St. James area brought winemaking skills to Missouri, whose river valley's hilly bluffs, thin soil, and long, hot, sunny summers proved ideal for grapes. Inspired in part by Gottfried Duden's writings after his stay near present-day Dutzow from 1824 to 1827, many Germans settled in Missouri, and by the 1880s the state was producing two million gallons of wine a year, more than any other state. Missouri wines also won international recognition, including eight gold medals at the 1873 Vienna World's Fair. In the late 1800s, as grape phylloxera devastated European vineyards and cut French wine production by 75 percent, resistant rootstocks from Missouri helped save French vines through grafting, and about 10 million rootstocks were shipped from Missouri to France between 1885 and 1890. Missouri's wine industry grew to 100 wineries before Prohibition began in 1920 under the 18th Amendment, forcing vineyards to be uprooted, and when Prohibition ended in 1933 no commercial wineries remained in the state. The industry's revival began in the mid-1960s with the reopening of Stone Hill and Mount Pleasant wineries, and in 1980 the area around Augusta became the first American Viticultural Area. By 2001 Missouri had 870 acres in wine grape production, and by 2013 about 128 wineries were operating, including a cluster along the Weinstrasse between Defiance and Marthasville.