Waterpower

During the early years of the Industrial Revolution, controlling water power in this area meant gaining political, economic, and social power. Re-engineering local water courses often brought lawsuits and anger. In August 1792, four local citizens destroyed the partially built dam at Slater Mill, but the dam was completed before the courts decided whether it could be built. Mill investors pushed forward at the expense of fishermen, artisans, farmers, and others who depended on the river's natural flow. Diverting and controlling part of the river's power was an early priority of Samuel Slater, and Oziel Wilkinson oversaw completion of Slater's dam in November 1792. The dam ensured a large, consistent 7-foot fall of water to turn the wooden water wheel. In the Wilkinson Mill waterpower system, opening the millrace gates sent water down into the wheel's buckets, and the weight of the water turned the wheel. A bevel gear assembly transferred power to overhead line shafting, and overhead shafts, pulleys, belts, gears, and leather belts transmitted the turning motion to machinery throughout the building. Water played a critical role throughout the Industrial Revolution, and improved technology brought bigger, more efficient mills along with greater environmental impact.

Pawtucket, Rhode Island · United States