Transportation
3
Beginning in 1858, the Butterfield Overland Stage connected St. Louis, Missouri, to Los Angeles, California. The route entered Indian Territory at Fort Smith, and coaches carried passengers and mail across 192 miles following the Texas Road and crossing the Red River at Colbert's Ferry. Much of the route was maintained by local Choctaws, who charged fees for use of the road sections and bridges they maintained. The stage service closed at the beginning of the Civil War, but the road remained a vital route between Arkansas and Texas.
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