On September 30, 1862, Union forces attacked Confederates at Newtonia after Confederate troops had advanced into southwest Missouri in search of food, forage, lead from nearby Granby, and flour and meal from Matthew Ritchey’s Mill. By early September, about 4,000 Confederates had gathered at Camp Coffee south of Newtonia under officers including Joseph Shelby and Douglas Cooper, prompting Union commanders to move forces from Fort Scott and Springfield against them. On September 29, a Federal patrol under Edward Lynde encountered Confederate cavalry in Newtonia, and at dawn the next day Arthur Jacobi, despite orders to avoid a general engagement, opened the battle with about 500 men. Union artillery and the 9th Wisconsin Infantry pressed the Confederate line in Newtonia, driving back parts of the 31st and 34th Texas Cavalry, but Confederate reinforcements from Granby and Camp Coffee, including the 22nd Texas, Gordon’s 5th Missouri, and Walker’s 1st Choctaw and Chickasaw Mounted Rifles, struck the Federals from multiple directions and forced Lynde to retreat, with many of the 9th Wisconsin killed or captured during the withdrawal. Later that afternoon, Frederick Salomon arrived with a relief brigade and renewed the fight with a nine-gun artillery battery and supporting troops, including the 3rd Indian Home Guard and the 10th Kansas. In fierce combat, Confederate Texas, Missouri, Choctaw, and Cherokee units countered the Union attack, and when Cooper advanced his full force while expected Union reinforcements had not yet arrived, Salomon withdrew. Hall’s column arrived in time to cover the retreat, and Cooper, unwilling to fight a night action, pulled back as well. The Confederates held the field and won the battle through superior numbers and timely reinforcements, though the success was brief, for on October 4 Federal forces under Schofield, Blunt, and Totten returned in strength and Cooper withdrew through Pineville into northwest Arkansas.