Canfield Lake National Wildlife Refuge is a small federal refuge centered on the 3,400-acre glacial Canfield Lake in North Dakota, where the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service owns only 3 acres outright and otherwise holds easement rights for flooding on largely private land. Managed under Long Lake National Wildlife Refuge as one of six easement refuges, it protects a waterfowl area strengthened by the adjacent Basaraba Waterfowl Production Area’s wetlands and dense tamegrass cover. It represents the limited-interest refuges established in the 1930s and 1940s, when waterfowl declines and Great Depression relief efforts led landowners to sell easements that allowed federal water regulation and hunting limits while keeping lands private.