For thousands of years, the Shoshone managed food resources through a delicate balance that was drastically altered by colonization. By the mid-1800s, the Oregon and California Trails brought thousands of pioneers and gold-seeking miners through the center of Shoshone ancestral lands. Members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints colonized north from the Salt Lake Valley and settled in the fertile Cache Valley on the Utah-Idaho border. As they established settlements, they plowed up grasslands that provided seeds used by the Shoshone as a food source and destroyed plants that fed buffalo, deer, and other game animals. A lack of understanding between the two cultures and a shortage of resources caused conflict over land, water, food, and other issues, and as one contemporary Shoshone man said, the Shoshone welcomed the settlers and tried to be hospitable but retaliated when injustices were done to them, when their survival was threatened, and when their traditional way of life was made impossible.