Turpentining extracted sap or resin from longleaf pine trees and distilled it to create pitch, while also producing turpentine spirits and various grades of solid rosin. Most pitch was used to caulk holes in wooden boats and coat rigging on sailing ships. The practice began in North Carolina in the 1600s and became Florida’s second largest industry from 1875 to 1923. Resin was collected by cutting a catface into pine trunks and using a metal piece to funnel sap into a Herty pot, named for Georgia inventor Charles Herty. As each cut dried, another was made higher on the tree until the tree was sapped to death within 6 to 10 years, after which the dying trees were logged. The industry declined in the mid 1900s with the introduction of steel ships and synthetic chemicals, and in less than 50 years Florida lost up to 80% of its longleaf pines to turpentining. Cat-faced trees can still be found in southeastern states.