Archaeological excavations at Arcadia have revealed structural remains that provide key evidence about the site’s layout, history, and operation despite the absence of historic maps, drawings, blueprints, or photographs. Below the Arcadia dam, a seventy foot by forty foot wooden post-and-beam foundation with mortises for vertical posts or uprights indicates a second floor, suggesting a two-story sawmill with the power transmission system on the first floor and saws and other milling equipment, probably including a sash or gang saw, on the second floor. At the eastern end of the Arcadia complex, excavations uncovered the remains of two structures: a larger sandstone foundation measuring about one hundred fourteen feet by fifty feet, supplied by a millrace from the mill pond, that probably supported a wood-framed building used as another sawmill and may have housed two single saws, a planing mill, a gristmill, a lathing machine, a machine shop, and an office, and which later became the site of the textile mill; and a second structure, within the footprint of the first and measuring about ninety-six feet by thirty-five feet, whose foundation supported a brick building identified by recovered textile machinery as a textile mill, likely with a water wheel in its northwest corner. North of the textile mill, further excavation exposed two massive sandstone walls in a low depression along Pond Creek that appear to have formed a funnel carrying water from the canal into Pond Creek as the mill’s plunge pool and tailrace.