During Oregon's Provisional Government from 1841 to 1849, residents traveled by Indian trails, water courses, or primitive rough-hewn wagon roads made by emigrant settlers. During the Territorial Government years from 1849 to 1859, and long before the State Highway Commission was established in 1917, travel and commercial transportation often depended on ambitious Oregonians such as the Alphonso Boone family of Clackamas County. Alphonso Boone, grandson of frontiersman Daniel Boone, emigrated to Oregon with 10 children in 1846. The family established homesteads on the Willamette River between present-day Oregon City and Butteville. By 1847, the Boones had established a ferry crossing on the Willamette near this site, and eldest son Jesse began clearing a path through Marion, Washington, Clackamas, and Multnomah Counties known today as Boones Ferry Road. Jesse Boone operated the ferry until his death in 1872. The ferry continued in private hands for several years until Clackamas County, and finally the State of Oregon, assumed control in the early 1900s. Boones Ferry crossed the Willamette for 107 years, carrying thousands of horses, cows, buggies, automobiles, and pedestrians. By the early 1950s, the cable-drawn ferry carried 12 cars and made up to 300 crossings per day. The ferry was decommissioned in 1954, shortly after completion of the Boone Bridge across the Willamette River.