Pharmacist Caleb Bradham of New Bern, NC, created several refreshing drinks for customers at his drugstore soda fountain, including his most popular “Brad’s drink,” first mixed in 1893 from carbonated water, sugar, vanilla, rare oils, pepsin, and cola nuts. In 1898, “Brad’s drink” was renamed Pepsi Cola and was trademarked in 1903. An artist who was Bradham’s neighbor designed the first Pepsi logo, and ninety-seven shares of stock were issued for Bradham’s new company. After seventeen years of success, Pepsi Cola went bankrupt in 1923. In 1931, the Loft Candy Company bought Pepsi Cola, and its president, Charles G. Guth, reformulated the soft drink. Guth struggled to make Pepsi successful and even offered to sell it to the Coca-Cola company, which refused to bid. In 1940, the first advertising jingle, “Nickel, Nickel,” was broadcast nationally, referring to the price of 12 ounces of Pepsi, and it became a hit record recorded in fifty-five languages. In 1964, Diet Pepsi was introduced.