After the December 7, 1941, attack on Pearl Harbor brought the U.S. into World War II, the U.S. government incarcerated more than 120,000 Issei and Nisei in war relocation authority camps, while separate confinement programs detained thousands of Japanese, German, and Italian citizens in the U.S., and in many cases their U.S. citizen relatives, as enemy aliens through the Department of Justice's Enemy Alien Control Unit and, in Latin America, the Department of State's Special War Problems Division until they were paroled or exchanged for U.S. and Allied citizens seized overseas by Axis nations. Texas had three Department of Justice confinement sites administered by the Immigration and Naturalization Service at Crystal City, Kenedy, and Seagoville, along with two U.S. army temporary detention stations at Fort Sam Houston and Fort Bliss. Built in 1941 as a women's reformatory and transferred from the Department of Justice's Bureau of Prisons to the Immigration and Naturalization Service on April 1, 1942, Seagoville Enemy Alien Detention Station held German and Italian childless couples and single women detained in the U.S. or Latin America, while Japanese Latin Americans were kept in a colony of 50 Victory huts. The site included a hospital, auditorium-school, industry and service buildings, and 352 dorm-esque living quarters, reached a peak population of 650 internees and 120 staff in 1943, and closed in May 1945 before returning to the Bureau of Prisons, which has administered it as a prison since the end of the war.