University of Chicago archaeologists excavated at Kincaid from 1934 through 1944. Their work set a new standard for archaeological excavation in the United States, and the methods used here are the basis for much of today's archaeological practice in America. Archaeologists at Southern Illinois University at Carbondale began a new cycle of research at Kincaid in 2003, using modern methods, including nondestructive geophysical survey, targeted small-scale excavations, and more refined data recovery and analytical techniques. The work has expanded knowledge of the site, giving a much better, though still incomplete, understanding of how the site grew and then shrank over time, which mounds were built when, and how extensive the residential zones were.