At Bear's Paw, Chief Joseph and the remnants of his Nez Perce tribe surrendered to General Nelson A. Miles on October 5, 1877, after fighting from September 30 to October 5 in the last decisive armed conflict between white men and red men in the Northwest. There Chiefs Looking Glass, Ollicut, Too-hul-sote, and many other warriors were killed. Chief Joseph, described as a military genius, courageous, and humane, presented his rifle to General Miles and, with his right hand upraised, declared, "From where the sun now stands, I will fight no more forever." He kept his word. Among the officers and enlisted men killed in action were Captain Owen Hale; 2nd Lieut. Jonathan W. Biddle; 1st Sergt. George McDermott, Michael Martin, and Otto Wild; Sergt. James H. Alberts, Otto Durselow, Max Mielke, and Henry W. Paichel; Privates John E. Cleveland, David I. Dawsey, Charles F. Hurdick, Frank Knaupp, Lewis Kelly, Samuel McIntyre, William J. Randall, Francis Roth, and William Whitlow of the 7th U.S. Cavalry; Private John Irving of the 2nd U.S. Cavalry; and Corporal John Haddo and Privates Thomas Geoghegan, Joseph Kohler, and Richard M. Peshall of the 5th U.S. Infantry.