The Shaw neighborhood and the Greater U Street Historic District hold deep African American and Civil War history. Named for Robert Gould Shaw, the White commander of the 54th Massachusetts Regiment, an African American unit featured in the film Glory, the area north of Washington’s downtown was still woods and open fields with only a few scattered wooden houses when the Civil War began. Union command placed major encampments here, including Campbell Hospital at 6th and Florida Avenue, the Wisewell Barracks at 7th and P Streets, and Camp Barker near 13th and R Streets. These camps became safe havens for freedmen fleeing the South, and some remained to make their homes here. After the war, streetcars ran north from downtown and opened the neighborhood to development. From the 1870s to 1900, builders lined its residential streets with Italianate, Second Empire, and Queen Anne row houses that still define it today. Black and White residents built and lived in the neighborhood, which became predominantly African American between 1900 and 1920. The Prince Hall Masonic Lodge, the large building adjacent to the African American Civil War Memorial, was designed by prominent African American architect Albert I. Cassell in 1922 and continues as a center of civic and social activity.