Founded by France in 1604, Acadia was a strategically located and highly coveted colony that was ceded to England in 1713 and renamed Nova Scotia. After Halifax was founded in 1749, part of the Acadian population moved to French territory, while those who remained were seen as a threat by British authorities, who in 1755 began a systematic deportation that split families and communities and seized their lands and possessions. In the Grand Dérangement, or Great Upheaval, nearly 10,000 Acadian men, women, and children were crowded onto ships and deported to the Anglo-American colonies, England, and France, while others escaped to French territory and formed a resistance. Over the next ten years, almost half of the Acadian nation was lost at sea or died from disease and famine. By 1765, only 1,600 survivors remained in Nova Scotia, their fertile land occupied by settlers from elsewhere. Some Acadian families returned, but most never saw Acadia again; many settled in Quebec and France, and in Louisiana they formed a new community that gave rise to Cajun culture. The Grand Dérangement did not erase the Acadian presence on its native soil, and Acadia lives on in Atlantic Canada as a French-speaking culture.