After Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee's victory at Chancellorsville in May 1863, he led the Army of Northern Virginia through the Shenandoah Valley, through central Maryland, and into Pennsylvania, while Union Gen. George G. Meade, who replaced Gen. Joseph Hooker on June 28, led the Army of the Potomac in pursuit. The armies met at Gettysburg on July 1, and after three days of fighting the Confederates retreated, crossing the Potomac River into Virginia on July 14. On the morning of July 10, 1863, the 34th Virginia Battalion's dismounted cavalry opened fire on approaching Federal cavalry from a stone barn and wall at Funkstown. The Confederate force there threatened any Union advance against Lee's position near Williamsport and the Potomac as he retreated to Virginia after Gettysburg, while Gen. J.E.B. Stuart's cavalry at Funkstown endangered the Federal right and rear if the Union army moved west from Boonsboro. As Gen. John Buford's Federal cavalry division approached by the National Road, it met Stuart's crescent-shaped battle line stretching three miles, with the high ground at Stuart's extreme right held by Preston Chew's horse artillery. The stone barn and barnyard wall became a strong defensive position when Col. Thomas C. Devin's dismounted Union brigade attacked about 8 A.M. By mid-afternoon, with Buford's men low on ammunition and making little progress, Col. Lewis A. Grant's Vermont infantry brigade struck the Confederate center less than a mile away, where the Vermonters clashed with Gen. George T. Anderson's brigade in the first infantry fighting since Gettysburg. By early evening, the Union army withdrew south toward Beaver Creek, where I, VI, and XI Corps had concentrated, and Stuart had held the Federals off for another day.