Port Louisa National Wildlife Refuge spans 10,780 acres along the Mississippi River on the Iowa-Illinois border east of Wapello. The northernmost unit of the Mark Twain National Wildlife Refuge Complex, it is divided into the Louisa, Horseshoe Bend, Big Timber, and Keithsburg sections. Established to protect migratory birds traveling the Mississippi Flyway, it also conserves and improves fish and wildlife habitat and supports the restoration of floodplain functions in the river corridor. The refuge also serves the public through activities such as hunting, fishing, hiking, photography, environmental education, interpretation, and wildlife observation, with permitted uses varying by division.