In August 1843 on the Grape Vine Prairie, General Sam Houston, President of the Republic of Texas, met leaders of ten American Indian nations to pursue a treaty of peace and friendship after the planned meeting site was moved from Bird's Fort on the Trinity River to a cooler place with a spring surrounded by grapevines. While waiting for Comanche leaders who never arrived, the men hunted, and Houston formally addressed the assembled leaders, whom he considered friends, urging them to sign the treaty before departing for Washington-on-the-Brazos. Over the following weeks, Indian Commissioners collected signatures across the Grape Vine Prairie, and the final signing by Republic of Texas Commissioners General E. H. Tarrant and General G. W. Terrell took place at Bird's Fort on September 29, 1843. Ten nations signed: Delaware, Chickasaw, Waco, Tawakoni, Keechi, Caddo, Anadarko, Ioni, Biloxi, and Cherokee, while the Comanche and Kiowa did not. The Republic of Texas Legislature ratified the treaty, and the first wagon train of settlers soon arrived at present-day Grapevine in 1844.