Small bands of Ice Age hunters lived in the Snake River Basin as early as 12,000 years ago, gathering wild foods and hunting mammoths and other animals. As the climate warmed, vegetation patterns changed and many larger animal species became extinct, and the people’s lifeway evolved to suit the new conditions. Local Indians lived on the abundant bison, antelope, deer, bighorn sheep, fish, waterfowl, and roots and berries found in this part of the basin. These hunters developed some of the most beautiful and sophisticated stone tools in North America, including obsidian spear points and knife blades. Unlike their neighbors in more arid regions of the West, their survival did not depend on tiny grass seeds and small desert animals, and they had less need to weave baskets and blankets because abundant animal hides provided clothing, containers, and shelter. Horses, a Euro-American influence, were introduced in the early 1700s through trade with other Indians, and increased contact with other tribes and easier access to resources brought dramatic culture changes. Direct contact with Euro-Americans began with the Wilson Price Hunt fur trapping party in 1811. Adaptation to a changing environment continued for the Shoshone and Bannock Tribes, now based on the Fort Hall Indian Reservation north and west of Pocatello.