Beginning with the Union capture of Nashville in February 1862, hundreds of thousands of tons of materials moved from northern industrial and agricultural regions through Louisville, Kentucky, to Tennessee's capital by the Ohio and Cumberland rivers and the Louisville and Nashville Railroad. At Nashville, a vast logistical depot complex of warehouses, stores, hospitals, and corrals was built, and by late fall of 1863 a forward supply base had been established in Chattanooga. Because low water on the Cumberland River during summer and fall and frequent Confederate cavalry raids on the Louisville and Nashville Railroad hampered supply, Union authorities decided in early 1863 to build a new depot at Lucas Landing on the Tennessee River, 78 miles west of Nashville. The complex, named Johnsonville after military governor Andrew Johnson, was linked to the capital by the Nashville and Northwest rail line, and impressed slaves were used by the Union army to build both the railroad and the 90-acre depot. In October and November 1864, Confederate Major General Nathan Bedford Forrest raided Fort Heiman and the depot at Johnsonville in an effort to slow the Union advance in Georgia and aid the Army of Tennessee's campaign into middle Tennessee. The attack on the Union depot was tactically highly effective, prompting Major General William T. Sherman to say, "That devil Forrest was down about Johnsonville, making havoc among the gunboats and transports." During the raid, Confederate artillery was positioned at Fort Heiman and Paris Landing on October 28, the U.S.S. Mazeppa was captured on October 29, the U.S.S. Undine and the transport ships Venus and Cheesman were captured on October 30, with Cheesman destroyed beyond repair, Confederates bivouacked on November 1, Venus was recaptured as Forrest moved south on November 2, Confederates set up artillery at Reynoldsburg Island on November 3, and Forrest attacked Johnsonville on November 4.