In 1876, veteran Texas cattleman Charles Goodnight entered Palo Duro Canyon by way of an old Comanche Indian trail near here to establish the first ranch in this area. In 1877, Goodnight, in partnership with Englishman John Adair, moved farther down the canyon to lay out headquarters of the JA Ranch. This pioneer venture became one of the greatest cattle operations in the world, taking in more than a million acres of land and grazing 101,023 head of cattle. Goodnight had become acquainted with the Palo Duro as a scout and guide for Texas Rangers during the Civil War. He knew that the canyon, fenced in by the overhanging caprock, was an ideal spot for a ranch: it furnished water and shelter in the winter, and the adjacent plains provided ideal grazing in the summer. The upper division of this ranch, the park area, was reserved for the purebred, or JJ herd. The vast lower end of the JA was ranged by longhorns, gradually being improved by better blood. In 1887 the Goodnight-Adair partnership ended. Adair retained the JA, which, in the hands of his heirs, is still one of the great ranches of Texas.