TRANSPORTATION · HISTORICAL MARKER
Roads and Bridges
Transportation
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Around Lake Tahoe, travel first followed Washoe Indian trails and later American immigrant trails blazed in the 1840s over the rugged Sierra Nevada passes. The region's first roads were little more than improved trails, and Johnson's Pass, named after trailblazer John Calhoun "cock-eyed" Johnson, became the first reliable road over the Sierras, following the American River across the south end of the Tahoe basin. In 1859 it was a busy route between California and Nevada during Virginia City's silver rush, and several years later the Lake Bigler Toll Road near Glenbrook further improved overland travel. Even so, train and boat remained the most reliable ways to move around the Tahoe basin until the first automobile arrived in 1911. Construction of the scenic Wishbone Highway began in the 1890s with Chinese immigrant labor using picks, shovels, dynamite, mule-drawn Fresno scrapers, and steam-powered shovels, and its final roadway segment, a 200-foot stretch known as the Cave Rock tunnel, was blasted through in the 1940s. Completion of the Wishbone Highway ushered in the automobile as the primary form of transportation around Lake Tahoe, and by the 1940s rising traffic accidents led local residents to call for the first stop signs and road markings. Today more than 11 million vehicles travel the historic highway each year. Fanny Bridge, which crosses the Truckee River at the lake's edge, is said in one account by columnist David J. Stollery, Jr., to have received the name "Fanny McGillicuddy Wilkerson" from a road crew foreman in 1928 in honor of his maiden aunt, later shortened to Fanny Bridge, though folklore instead ties the name to people bending over the bridge to watch rainbow trout feeding below.
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