Anaho Island National Wildlife Refuge on Pyramid Lake in Nevada was established in 1913 by President Woodrow Wilson to protect colonial nesting birds. It remains especially significant for American white pelicans, supporting one of the two largest pelican colonies in the western United States. California gulls, Caspian terns, double-crested cormorants, great blue herons, black-crowned night herons, and snowy egrets also nest or gather there, making the island an important waterbird breeding site. Boats are kept 1,000 feet away to reduce disturbance, while staff and volunteers monitor birds and band young pelicans. The refuge has also reflected environmental strain as water diversions hurt fish runs, the cui-ui was listed as endangered in 1967, and drought sharply reduced pelican nesting by 2005.