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Navaho
Science & Tech
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Navaho was a rocket-launched, air-breathing, long-range intercontinental guided missile built by North American Aviation. It was considered to have the range, accuracy, and load-carrying capabilities of a ballistic missile. After launch, it rose and leveled off under the power of two 135,000-pound-thrust rocket engines in its booster, then, at a predetermined speed and altitude, dropped the booster and continued under propulsion from two ramjets. It could zigzag and home in on its target with an infrared device. Original flight tests took place at Edwards Air Force Base in California and later continued at Cape Canaveral Air Station, where tests of the X-10 and Navaho were conducted between August 1955 and September 1958 and Navaho launches occurred at Complex 9/10. Initial testing of the Navaho configuration began with the X-10, a recoverable scale model of the prototype powered by two conventional turbojet engines that landed on wheels at the Skid Strip, the 10,000-foot runway at the Cape, and was reusable. Navaho technology influenced later systems: its inertial guidance system was installed in nuclear submarines, Navy attack aircraft, and the Hound Dog and Minuteman missiles, and engines used for the Atlas and Thor rockets were based on technology developed in building the Navaho booster. The missile was 96 feet long with booster, 6 feet in diameter, weighed 290,000 pounds, had a 36-foot wing or fin span, used twin RJ-47 ramjets and a liquid-propellant booster, flew at supersonic speed, had a range of 5,500 miles, used celestial and infrared homing guidance, and carried either high explosive or nuclear armament.
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