The Union prison at Camp Hoffman in Maryland, called Point Lookout, opened in 1863 within a 40-acre compound enclosed by a 15-foot-high plank fence. The first prisoners, Confederates captured at Gettysburg, arrived in July 1863, and by the end of that year the prison population had reached 9,000. All prisoners, including the sick, lived in tents, and when the war ended in April 1865 the prison held 22,000 men. Between July 1863 and its closing in June 1865, more than 52,000 prisoners were confined at Point Lookout; more than 3,000 died and were buried in three prison cemeteries, with all graves originally marked by wooden headboards. After the war, some bodies were removed without a record of who had been taken, including removals by an unauthorized business acting for friends or family for a fee. In 1867 the War Department bought the land containing the Union and Confederate cemeteries, the U.S. Army soon moved Union remains to Arlington National Cemetery, and Confederate remains at Point Lookout received new headboards. Three years later Maryland bought this ground and moved 3,404 Confederate dead from the federally owned cemeteries to this site, then in 1876 erected a modest marble obelisk to mark the graves. The Commission for Marking Graves of Confederate Dead began documenting burials at Point Lookout in 1906 and, after deciding the graves could not be marked individually, obtained permission to erect a single monument. Maryland deeded the cemetery to the federal government in 1910, and the Van Amringe Granite Company of Boston, Massachusetts, completed the 85-foot granite obelisk the next year. Bronze plaques on the monument base and the mound beneath it bear the names of 3,384 Confederate soldiers and sailors, while forty-four civilians identified by the Commission as buried there are not listed; the exact number of those who died at the prison and are buried at the site may never be known. Broader reconciliation efforts also shaped Confederate burial policy: in 1868 the Grand Army of the Republic decorated both Union and Confederate graves at Arlington, in 1901 the War Department created the Confederate section there, in 1906 Congress established the Commission for Marking Graves of Confederate Dead to identify and mark Confederate graves in Northern prisons, and by 1916 the Commission had marked more than 25,500 graves and erected monuments where individual burials could not be identified. In 1930 the War Department authorized adding the Southern Cross of Honor to Confederate headstones.