The San Pedro Riparian National Conservation Area preserves nearly 57,000 acres along about 40 miles of the upper San Pedro River in southeastern Arizona, between the Mexican border and St. David. Created by Congress in 1988 and managed by the Bureau of Land Management, it protects a rare river corridor where permanent water and streamside habitat are scarce. The valley supports an exceptional range of mammals, fish, reptiles, amphibians, and birds, including many migrant and wintering species. Archaeological evidence reaches back 13,000 years, and historic places such as Fairbank, Little Boquillas Ranch, and the San Pedro House connect the landscape’s natural importance with its long human history.