After the success of the summer maneuvers at Camp Hughes, a permanent training area formally known as Pine Camp was founded. Legislation passed in 1909 established the Pine Camp Military Reservation, and land acquisition and temporary building construction began in 1910. Pine Camp remained essentially a temporary, seasonal tent encampment established every summer north of the Black River. In 1935, it hosted the largest peacetime maneuvers held to that date, when 36,000 Regular and National Guardsmen from the First U.S. Army conducted division-sized field maneuvers there. As the U.S. Army began serious preparations for World War II, these field maneuvers were greatly improved.