NATURE · HISTORICAL MARKER
Ohio Native Plants
Nature
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Common milkweed, Ohio buckeye, and winterberry are Ohio native plants with distinct habitats, wildlife value, and historical uses. Common milkweed, Asclepias syriaca, grows 2 to 3 feet tall and 9 inches to 1 foot wide in full sun on prairies, in thickets, on roadsides, and in dry fields, blooms from June through August in pink, mauve, and white, supports over 450 insects, and is among the most important food plants for monarch butterfly caterpillars; it also has medicinal, everyday, and military uses, and during World War II its floss was collected for life jackets and also used as hypoallergenic pillow filling and insulation for winter coats. Ohio buckeye, Aesculus glabra, grows 20 to 40 feet tall and wide in mesic woods and bottomlands; hummingbirds are attracted to its flowers, some wildlife species eat its seeds, its raw seeds are poisonous to humans and most domestic livestock, its light soft wood was used historically for pulpwood, woodenware, and artificial limbs, Native Americans called the nut hetuck meaning buck eye because its markings resemble a deer's eye, Ohioans were called Buckeyes during the presidential election of 1840 when William Henry Harrison's supporters wore buckeye necklaces and carved campaign souvenirs from its wood, and in 1953 it became Ohio's state tree. Winterberry, Ilex verticillata, grows 3 to 12 feet tall and wide in full sun to part shade in mesic woods, bottomlands, swamps, along pond margins, and in damp thickets, blooms from June through July in greenish-white, provides winter berries for many birds and small mammals especially thrushes, waxwings, woodpeckers, and white-footed mice, offers pollen and nectar for bees, and can absorb toxic substances such as herbicides, pesticides, and pollutants from water, air, and soil.
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