Poland Township's school board built the Center School, the Little Red Schoolhouse, in 1858, replacing an earlier wooden building from the early 19th century. One of several township schools in the latter half of the 19th century, it served children within a surrounding two-mile radius until Poland Village and Poland Township schools consolidated under state and county-wide reorganization plans, causing the school to close in 1915. The building was then used for 4-H activities, public meetings, a church, and township equipment storage. The Poland Township Historical Society formed in 1979 to preserve the school, and it was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. The site stands at the center of Township One, Range One, the first township surveyed in the New Connecticut Western Reserve. In July 1796, the Connecticut Land Company's survey established the southeast corner of the Western Reserve at Poland Township. In 1798, Turhand Kirtland sold the township's first lots to John Struthers, who moved there in October 1799. By 1802, American settlers reportedly named the township in honor of the native land of the Polish-born Revolutionary War generals Thaddeus Kosciuszko and Casimir Pulaski. In 1840, Poland Township had a population of 1,561, about 500 more inhabitants than Youngstown, and the nearby crossroads known as Poland Center became a hub of community business and activity during the middle of the 19th century. As of 2016, only the Little Red Schoolhouse and cemetery remained.