Hillside National Wildlife Refuge in Mississippi is one of seven refuges in the Theodore Roosevelt National Wildlife Refuge Complex. Established in 1975 and covering 15,572 acres at the base of the loess bluffs, it forms an important habitat pocket within the Mississippi Flyway amid surrounding farmland. The refuge is especially significant for birds, providing stopover and nesting habitat for more than 225 species of neotropical migratory birds and wintering grounds for more than 125,000 waterfowl. Its wetlands and rookeries also support shorebirds, wading birds, and birds of prey, while regulated hunting remains part of its use.