Eastern Shore of Virginia National Wildlife Refuge occupies 1,127 acres at the southern tip of Virginia’s Eastern Shore, where major land and water routes converge along the Atlantic Flyway. Established in 1984 on the former Fort John Custis and Cape Charles Air Force Station, it preserves a landscape shaped by both conservation and military history. Army gun batteries and surviving Air Force buildings remain, and Battery Winslow features a 16-inch/50 caliber Mark 7 gun and battleship projectile. Today the refuge serves as a vital staging area for migratory birds and supports the management and study of endangered species such as the northeastern beach tiger beetle and piping plover.