The 24th Infantry Regiment, an all-Black unit formed after the Civil War, served with distinction in the following decades, but after U.S. entry into World War I its Third Battalion was sent not to Europe but to a segregated guard assignment at Camp Logan in Houston, where soldiers' resistance to racist local laws and mistreatment by White civilians and police created a volatile situation. On August 23, 1917, Cpl. Charles Baltimore intervened when police beat a private who had tried to stop the arrest of a Black woman; Baltimore was shot at and detained, then returned to camp, but a rumor that he had been killed stirred unrest. Later that night, a false report of a White mob led more than 150 armed soldiers to defy orders and march into Houston, and nineteen people died in the violence, fifteen White and four Black. The Army then charged 118 Black soldiers with murder and mutiny, and three courts martial at Fort Sam Houston between November 1, 1917, and March 26, 1918, found seven men innocent, sentenced most of the convicted to prison terms, many for life, and condemned nineteen to death. Serious irregularities marred the trials, and the first executions were carried out within a day of sentence approval, without higher review or appeal, an injustice that helped bring about a January 17, 1918, general order establishing an appellate review process that permanently changed military law. The first thirteen condemned men were hanged at sunrise on December 11, 1917, after singing a hymn and standing at attention, and six more soldiers were executed in two later hangings; seventeen were reburied here in 1937 after being moved from nearby graves at Salado Creek.