After the December 7, 1941, attack on Pearl Harbor drew the U.S. into World War II, the federal government detained people classified as enemy aliens through separate confinement programs that included thousands of Japanese, German, and Italian citizens in the U.S., and in many cases their U.S. citizen relatives, while more than 120,000 Issei and Nisei were incarcerated in War Relocation Authority camps across the country. In Texas, detention sites included Immigration and Naturalization Service facilities at Crystal City, Kennedy, and Seagoville, and U.S. Army Temporary Detention Stations at Fort Bliss and Dodd Field at Fort Sam Houston. Beginning in February 1942, detainees were first held at the Old Infantry Long Barracks, and by April 1942 the station had moved to the former airfield at Dodd Field, a 20-acre site enclosed by double barbed-wire fencing with eight elevated guard towers overlooking two compounds of Victory Huts. The population changed through paroles and repatriations and never exceeded 150 at one time. In late 1942, as the Department of Justice's Special Alien Enemy Hearing Board transferred detainees to Immigration and Naturalization Service camps and the War Department prepared to house prisoners of war, the detention station closed.