Known as Monument Hill for its distinctive stone monument, this National Historic Landmark stands at the site of an ancient Indian trail marker that served as one of several guide posts used by various tribes during seasonal migration and hunting trips, with each passing tribe leaving signals to show who had passed and which direction they were traveling. After the Ponca Tribe was relocated in 1879 from its former holdings along the Nebraska-Dakota border area, the site became part of its 50,000 acre reservation. When the Cherokee Strip opened to settlement in 1893, the Miller family of the 101 Ranch purchased or leased the property, which became their buffalo pasture and a hay meadow, and the area behind the hill later became the 101 Ranch's railroad spur. The original stone cairn was rebuilt with native stone in a monument constructed in 1926 by the 101 Ranch and the Oklahoma Historical Society and dedicated in 1927 to Ponca Tribal Chief White Eagle; it stands 14 feet high and five feet in diameter and is topped by a 200 pound concrete eagle, with construction overseen by the Miller brothers George, Joe, and Zack and longtime ranch foreman Sam Stigall. Although Chief White Eagle is not buried there, the hilltop became a pauper's cemetery in the early 1930s, beginning with black 101 Ranch cowboy Henry Clay and followed by 'Curbstone' Willie, an ox wrangler for the 101 Ranch, Gladys Hamilton, the 9 year old daughter of African-American ranch cowboy Rhyne Hamilton, and celebrated black cowboy Bill Pickett, a performing bulldogger and ranch hand buried there in April 1932; his grave, marked by limestone placed by the Cherokee Strip Cowpunchers Association at his passing, is the hill's only headstone, and there are eight graves there in total.