Don Antonio Gil Y'Barbo built a stone house near the intersection of El Camino Real and La Calle del Norte, present Main at Fredonia, circa 1788-91. Because he was a military and civic leader, his home also served as an unofficial government building. After Y'Barbo sold the property in 1805, owners and tenants used it over the next century as a home, grocery store, restaurant, offices, courthouse, cobbler shop, jail, military barracks, saloon, and fortification during three filibustering expeditions and periodic raids by Native Americans. Sam Houston had his first law office in Texas there in 1833. By the late 1870s it was commonly known as the Old Stone Fort, and the landmark structure was demolished in 1902. Citizens reused its original stones first in a memorial building on Washington Square and later in a historically accurate replica built on the Stephen F. Austin State Teachers College campus in 1936. Y'Barbo's stone house was an important example of 18th century residential architecture with French and Spanish Colonial influences, including exterior doors for each room, stairs on the gallery porch, fireplaces in each interior room, interior walls of sun-dried adobe blocks, hand-hewn Black Walnut window sills, casements and beams, and stones from the Weches Glauconite formation, a sedimentary rock containing iron clay minerals.