Menoken Village is a terminal Late Woodland settlement dating to about A.D. 1200 on Apple Creek, an eastern tributary of the Missouri River, and it is recognized for evidence of the transition from a hunting-gathering lifeway to hunting-gardening involving maize, beans, sunflower, and squash. Excavation and artifact studies from 1998-2006 have focused on architecture, the use of space within and around dwellings, dating the site, and substances and material remains. Subsistence centered on bison hunting, and the residents did very little gardening, but they were substantially influenced by early Plains Village horticultural groups in nearby northern South Dakota. Contact and acculturation appear in a sparse occurrence of maize and in ceramics that blend stylistic and technological features from Woodland and Plains Village traditions. The lithic technological system relied heavily on Knife River flint quarried and processed far from the settlement, and small numbers of Gulf coast marine shell and native copper artifacts also occur. A prominent semicircular ditch with four large bastions enclosed 1.5 acres, and some evidence suggests Apple Creek eroded part of the original village, implying a settlement of more than 30 dwellings. Two distinct earth-covered oval house types occur, one semisubterranean with an interior entry ramp and one at the surface with many wall posts, with entrances facing northeast, southwest, and southeast; single excavated examples of surface and pit houses do not differ in season of use or overall function.