Between 1865 and 1950, at least 6,500 Black people were victims of lynching in the United States. Although Kansas was established as a free state in 1861, many white people remained committed to white supremacy and opposed equal rights for Black people. After the Civil War, emancipated Black people migrated to Kansas in pursuit of their freedom and newfound rights as citizens, only to be met with ongoing bigotry and abuse. White mobs seeking to enforce racial hierarchy resorted to terror and violence to intimidate and oppress Black communities. Lynching emerged as the most notorious and public form of racial terrorism. Public spectacle lynchings, like the lynching of Fred Alexander, were often committed in prominent locations and attended by hundreds to thousands of white men, women, and children without fear of legal repercussions. White mobs displayed complete disregard for the legal system by seizing Black people from jails, prisons, courtrooms, and directly out of police hands. Law enforcement officers, though armed and responsible for protecting Black citizens, frequently failed to intervene. White officials routinely granted mobs impunity as they tolerated and at times participated in these lawless killings of Black men, women, and children. Although many lynching victims will never be known, at least 22 lynchings have been documented in Kansas, with at least three known to have taken place in Leavenworth County. On January 30, 1887, a mob of at least 35 white men seized an 18-year-old Black youth named Richard Wood from the county jail and lynched him. The mob dragged Mr. Wood by a rope around his neck for over a mile and left his body in the middle of the street. On August 20, 1893, a white mob lynched a Black man named Silas Wilson near Millwood after it was rumored that Mr. Wilson had "an acquaintance" with a young white woman; the mob attacked him, beat him severely, and hanged him to a honey locust tree. Even though the Kansas governor offered a reward for the mob's arrest, the white community refused to identify the lynchers. On January 15, 1901, up to 12,000 people, including white men, women, and children, gathered in Leavenworth to watch the public spectacle lynching of Fred Alexander. A mob stormed the county jail, abducted Mr. Alexander, and carried him to a ravine 300 yards from his family home, where the mob chained him to a stake and burned him alive while accusing him of crimes involving white women. When Mr. Alexander's mother and sisters came to the lynching site, the press reported that they sent "up a heart piercing wail" as his mother cried out, "Oh poor Fred. Poor Fred." In the end, no one was held accountable for these lynchings.