Built in 1741-42 by Jonathan Robeson in partnership with the Shippen family on land that eventually encompassed approximately 4,000 acres of iron ore, limestone, wood, and water resources, Oxford Furnace was the third iron furnace constructed in the Colony of New Jersey and is the oldest remaining iron furnace in New Jersey. Its establishment began an iron industry in Oxford that lasted well into the 20th century. It operated until 1809 and again from 1832-1884, concentrating on the manufacture of pig iron and also producing items such as firebacks. In 1835, pioneer industrialist William Henry implemented here the first use of hot blast in the United States to manufacture iron. Dr. William Shippen Sr., the sole owner from 1766 to 1801, was a Pennsylvania delegate to the Continental Congress, and the nearby manor house was constructed by Dr. Shippen circa 1766-70 as the iron master's residence and business office.